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泥水盾构 6

砂卵石地层 4

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富水砂卵石 2

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卵砾石 1

压滤 1

双张紧 1

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Enhancement of distillate output of double basin solar still with vacuum tubes

Hitesh N PANCHAL, P K SHAH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 101-109 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0299-5

摘要： The latent heat of condensation is lost to the atmosphere; hence it is not utilized to increase distillate output of single basin solar stills. This difficulty was overcome by attaching an additional basin to the main basin. The performance of the double basin solar still was also increased by attaching vacuum tubes to the lower basin; hence the lower basin possessed a higher temperature throughout the day. The latent heat of condensation of the bottom basin was also utilized to increase distillate. But the distillate output of the top basin was even lower compared with that of the bottom basin. This paper proposed a novel approach to increase the distillate output of the double basin solar still attached with vacuum tubes by introducing different sensible energy storage materials like pebbles, black granite gravel and calcium stones to increase the basin area. Experiments were conducted in climate conditions of Mehsana (23.6000° N, 72.4000° E) Gujarat from April to September 2013 with a constant water depth of 2 cm in the top basin with and without the use of basin materials. The results showed that the distillate output of basin material with calcium stones is greater (74%) compared with that of black granite gravel and pebbles. The integration of vacuum tubes with solar still greatly increases the distillate output of the solar still by providing hot water at the lower basin.

关键词： double basin solar still calcium stones pebbles granite gravel distillate output

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Microdamage study of granite under thermomechanical coupling based on the particle flow code

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1413-1427 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0953-2

摘要： The thermomechanical coupling of rocks refers to the interaction between the mechanical and thermodynamic behaviors of rocks induced by temperature changes. The study of this coupling interaction is essential for understanding the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the surrounding rocks in underground engineering. In this study, an improved temperature-dependent linear parallel bond model is introduced under the framework of a particle flow simulation. A series of numerical thermomechanical coupling tests are then conducted to calibrate the micro-parameters of the proposed model by considering the mechanical behavior of the rock under different thermomechanical loadings. Good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data are obtained, particularly in terms of the compression, tension, and elastic responses of granite. With this improved model, the thermodynamic response and underlying cracking behavior of a deep-buried tunnel under different thermal loading conditions are investigated and discussed in detail.

关键词： thermomechanical coupling effect granite improved linear parallel bond model thermal property particle flow code

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Research review of the cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam

Xin CAI, Yingli WU, Xingwen GUO, Yu MING

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 19-24 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0145-y

摘要： The cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam is a new style of dam that owes the advantages both of the concrete faced rock-fill dam (CRFD) and roller compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam, because of which it has attracted much attention of experts home and abroad. At present, some researches on physic-mechanical property of CSG material and work behavior of CSG dam have been done. This paper introduces the development and characteristics of CSG dam systematically, and summarizes the progress of the study on basic tests, constitutive relation of CSG material and numerical analysis of CSG dam, in addition, indicates research and application aspect of the dam.

关键词： cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam cement sand and gravel (CSG) material research review

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Investigation of the seismic behavior of grouted sandy gravel foundations using shaking table tests

Tiancheng WANG; Yu LIANG; Xiaoyong ZHANG; Zhihuan RUAN; Guoxiong MEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1196-1211 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0865-6

摘要： Sandy gravel foundations exhibit non-linear dynamic behavior when subjected to strong ground motions, which can have amplification effects on superstructures and can reveal insufficient lateral resistance of foundations. Grouting methods can be used to improve the seismic performance of natural sandy gravel foundations. The strength and stiffness of grouted sandy gravel foundations are different from those of natural foundations, which have unknown earthquake resistance. Few studies have investigated the seismic behavior of sandy gravel foundations before and after grouting. In this study, two shaking table tests were performed to evaluate the effect of grouting reinforcement on seismic performance. The natural frequency, acceleration amplification effect, lateral displacement, and vertical settlement of the non-grouted and grouted sandy gravel foundations were measured and compared. Additionally, the dynamic stress-strain relationships of the two foundations were obtained by a linear inversion method to evaluate the seismic energy dissipation. The test results indicated that the acceleration amplification, lateral displacement amplitude, and vertical settlement of the grouted sandy gravel foundation were lower than that of the non-grouted foundation under low-intensity earthquakes. However, a contrasting result was observed under high-intensity earthquakes. This demonstrated that different grouting reinforcement strategies are required for different sandy gravel foundations. In addition, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of the two foundations exhibited two different energy dissipation mechanisms. The results provide insights relating to the development of foundations for relevant engineering sites and to the dynamic behavior of grouted foundations prior to investigating soil-structure interaction problems.

关键词： sandy gravel foundation grouting-treated reinforcement shaking table test seismic behavior

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Evaluation of the stability of terraced slopes in clayey gravel soil using a novel numerical technique

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 796-811 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0922-9

摘要： Conventional geotechnical software limits the use of the strength reduction method (SRM) based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to analyze the slope safety factor (SF). The use of this constitutive model is impractical for predicting the behavior of all soil types. In the present study, an innovative numerical technique based on SRM was developed to determine SF using the finite element method and considering the extended Cam–clay constitutive model for clayey gravel soil as opposed to the Mohr–Coulomb model. In this regard, a novel user subroutine code was employed in ABAQUS to reduce the stabilizing forces to determine the failure surfaces and resist and drive shear stresses on a slope. After validating the proposed technique, it was employed to investigate the performance of terraced slopes in the context of a case study. The impacts of geometric parameters and different water table elevations on the SF were examined. The results indicated that an increase in the upper and lower slope heights led to a decrease in SF, and a slight increase in the horizontal offset led to an increase in the SF. Moreover, when the water table elevation was lower than the toe of the terraced slope, the SF increased because of the increase in the uplift force as a resistant component.

关键词： terraced slope safety factor finite element method ABAQUS extended Cam–clay

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Dynamic failure analysis on granite under uniaxial impact compressive load

ZHAI Yue, MA Guowei, HU Changming, ZHAO Junhai

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 253-260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0042-6

摘要： High strain-rate uniaxial compressive loading tests were produced in the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with pulse shaper on granite samples. It was shown that the failure of the granite cylinder was typical tensile splitting failure mode by sudden splitting parallel to the direction of uniaxial compressive loading at different strain rates. Besides, it was concluded that not only the strength of granite increased, but also the fragment size decreased and the fragment numbers increased with the increasing strain rate. To quantitatively analyze the failure phenomena, the numerical calculation based on a dynamic interacting sliding microcrack model was adopted to investigate the influence of microcrack with the different initial crack length, crack angle, crack space and friction coefficient on the macro-mechanical properties of granite under different strain rates. Accordingly, the strain-dependency of the compression strength and the fragmentation degree of granite was explained reasonably.

关键词： numerical calculation coefficient cylinder splitting parallel strain-dependency

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富水砂卵石地层盾构隧道施工泥浆的研究与应用

邓亨义,徐雪莹,陈明娟

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 79-82

摘要：

针对北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程泥水盾构施工，通过对泥浆性能研制的配比试验，提出了砂卵石条件下的最佳泥浆配比，提高并改善了泥浆的成形质量与速度，确保了环境要求。对类似工程有一定的借鉴作用。

关键词：泥水盾构砂卵石地层泥浆配合比

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基于拱顶沉降控制的卵砾石地层浅埋隧道施工优化

喻军,刘松玉,龚晓南

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第10期页码 97-102

摘要：

某卵砾石地层浅埋公路隧道施工开挖，围岩的稳定性与拱顶沉降存在密切的关系，因此采用仿真分析法以拱顶沉降为控制目标，确保围岩的稳定，分析不同的施工方案得到拱顶沉降规律，达到优化施工的目的；同时，分析了不同的开挖路径和台阶长度，提出了一种最佳的施工方案。结果表明：在浅埋隧道开挖时容易引起拱顶沉降，并且随着施工方案的不同，拱顶沉降有较大的差异。在几种施工方法中，发现CRD法（交叉中隔墙法）比较适合，原因是拱顶沉降最小，应力释放较慢，在渐近的过程中有效地实现了应力的转移，较台阶法和CD法（中隔墙法）有大的优势，并与现场监测进行了对比分析，结果较为吻合。得到的结论可为类似工程提供参考。

关键词：卵砾石隧道围岩数值分析施工优化拱顶沉降现场监测

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富水砂卵石地层大直径泥水盾构施工地表沉降规律

赵宝华,胡曦波,张兵,李文俊

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 94-97

摘要：

北京地下直径线工程位于富水砂卵石地层中，穿越诸多建（构）筑物。通过实际监测结果分析，总结掘进参数与地表沉降之间的规律及隧道周围重要建筑物的变形规律，经与类似工程比较后发现本工程在变形控制上有很大的成效。

关键词：富水砂卵石大直径泥水盾构沉降规律

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Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns and gravel

Hiruy ABDU, David A. ROBINSON, Janis BOETTINGER, Scott B. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 135-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017143

摘要： Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil textural properties is important for determining soil moisture storage and soil hydraulic transport properties. Capturing field heterogeneity without exhaustive sampling and costly sample analysis is difficult. Our objective was to employ electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping in low apparent electrical conductivity (EC ) soils at varying soil water contents to capture time invariant properties such as soil texture. Georeferenced EC measurements were taken using a ground conductivity meter on six different days where volumetric water content ( ) varied from 0.11 to 0.23. The 50 m × 50 m field included a subsurface gravelly patch in an otherwise homogeneous silt-loam alluvial soil. Ordinary block kriging predicted EC at unsampled areas to produce 1-m resolution maps. Temporal stability analysis was used to divide the field into three distinct EC regions. Subsequent ground-truthing confirmed the lowest conductivity region correlated with coarse textured soil parent materials associated with a former high-energy alluvial depositional area. Combining maps using temporal stability analysis gives the clearest image of the textural difference. These maps could be informative for modeling, experimental design, sensor placement and targeted zone management strategies in soil science, ecology, hydrology, and agricultural applications.

关键词： soil electrical conductivity soil texture mapping temporal stability analysis

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大埋深富水砂卵石地层泥水盾构带压换刀及动火焊接技术

程明亮,何峰,吕传田

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 46-50

摘要：

通过北京铁路地下直径线工程盾构施工实践经验，总结了大埋深富水砂卵石地层泥水盾构施工中带压换刀技术以及特殊情况下的带压动火焊接技术。带压换刀的技术主要有两个方面:一是选择合理换刀地点及进舱工作压力，保证掌子面土体的稳定；二是进行开挖舱高浓度泥浆的置换和中盾高浓度泥浆的注入，有效地防止了气体的逃逸。在施工中成功实现了带压进舱250余次，工作压力从0.9 bar (1 bar=100 kPa)增加到2.8 bar，未发生任何安全事故。

关键词：泥水盾构砂卵石地层富水地层带压换刀焊接

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富水砂卵石地层中大直径泥水盾构同步注浆技术

张长强,翟志国,陈明娟,金仲祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 75-78

摘要：

通过统计分析盾构掘进相关技术资料，综合考虑富水砂卵石地层中泥水盾构掘进参数、泥浆参数、盾构姿态、地层变形机理等信息，确定泥水盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进时，同步注浆主要技术参数间的经验公式，指导类似工程施工。

关键词：砂卵石地层泥水盾构同步注浆施工技术

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城市富水砂卵石地层大断面隧道浅埋暗挖工法研究

唐国荣,刘招伟,李建华

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 98-102

摘要：

针对北京富水砂卵石地层大断面隧道地层稳定性差、工程周边环境复杂、对沉降控制要求高等诸多难题，在大断面隧道中采用CRD法、洞桩法进行施工，有效控制了工程结构、沿线及周围建筑物和地下管线的变形，确保了工程及周围环境的安全。

关键词：砂卵石地层大断面 CRD法洞桩法隧道施工

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北京铁路地下直径线盾构始发技术

吕传田,翟志国,苏清贵

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 59-64

摘要：

通过对北京地下直径线工程采用的直径Ø12.04 m泥水平衡盾构机始发竖井及盾构始发施工的介绍，总结了在城市繁华地段、富水砂砾石地质条件下，大直径泥水盾构始发施工的一些关键技术。

关键词：城市富水砂卵石大直径泥水盾构始发

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国产桥梁拉索用1 770 MPa 镀锌钢丝制造技术的研究

丁峰,桑春明,周代义,白柄东

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第3期页码 57-64

摘要：

重点介绍了宝钢集团公司在苏通大桥斜拉索用高强度镀锌钢丝的研制实践中，通过制造技术研究和技术创新，形成了“双张紧 + 限径模”工艺、“主导工艺 + 微调”整体优化、“三度控制”热镀锌操作等三大关键技术，生产制造出了高强度、低松弛、具有良好扭转性能的国产桥梁斜拉索用高强度（1 770 MPa 级）镀锌钢丝。

关键词：镀锌钢丝扭转双张紧限径模沙砾抹拭